But the International Air Transport Association (IATA), recognizing the need for a single universal alphabet, presented a draft alphabet to the ICAO in 1947 which had sounds common to English, French, and Spanish. But many sounds were unique to English, so an alternative "Ana Brazil" alphabet was used in Latin America. After the war, with many aircraft and ground personnel drawn from the allied armed forces, "able baker" continued to be used in civil aviation. It continued to be used by the international maritime service, probably until 1959:Īmsterdam Baltimore Casablanca Denmark Edison Florida Gallipoli Havana Italia Jerusalem Kilogramme Liverpool Madagascar New_York Oslo Paris Quebec Roma Santiago Tripoli Upsala Valencia Washington Xanthippe Yokohama Zurichĭuring World War II, the requirements of joint Allied operations led to the development of the Joint Army/Navy Phonetic Alphabet ("able baker"), although several RAF phonetic alphabets were also used. The resulting alphabet was adopted by the International Commission for Air Navigation, the predecessor of the ICAO, and was used in civil aviation until World War II. The experience gained with that alphabet resulted in several changes being made in 1932 by the ITU. The first internationally recognized alphabet was adopted by the ITU in 1927. But it is only required internationally, not domestically, thus if both parties to a radio conversation are from the same country, then another phonetic alphabet of that nation's choice may be used. It may have received the name NATO phonetic alphabet because it has been adopted by the military of each of NATO's major countries, and is thus used by them when engaged in NATO exercises.Īll of the words are recognizable by native English speakers because English must be used upon request for communication between an aircraft and a control tower whenever two nations are involved, regardless of their native languages. The ITU numbers are quite different from all other versions (and no stress is given).ĭespite its common name, the alphabet doesn't seem to appear in any official North Atlantic Treaty Organization publication. ANSI gives English spellings, but does not give pronunciations or numbers. These are from the FAA Flight Services manual (§ 14.1.5) and the ATC manual (§ 2-4-16). The FAA gives different spellings for their pronunciations depending on the publication consulted. The ICAO and ITU, but not the FAA, give an alternate pronunciation for a couple of letter-words. Wherever the agencies (ICAO, ITU, FAA, ANSI) differ, each agency's preferred pronunciations or spellings are also given in the table. In order to eliminate wide variations in pronunciation, posters illustrating the pronunciation desired are available from the ICAO. The ICAO states that the pronunciation of the words in the alphabet as well as numbers may vary according to the language habits of the speakers. In the interests of uniformity, the FAA style of stressed syllables in BOLD will be used here (underlines might be confused with links). The ICAO indicates unstressed numeric syllables in lower case (stressed in UPPER CASE), unlike its own alphabet, where stressed syllables are UNDERLINED UPPER CASE (unstressed in UPPER CASE). Unless otherwise specified, the spelling and pronunciation given is that officially prescribed by the ICAO and adopted by the FAA and the ITU. FAA radiotelephony phonetic alphabet and Morse code chart.
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